Post-WWI $\times$ German Outflow$_{1910-20}$&      -0.393\sym{***}&      -0.040         &      -0.302\sym{**} &      -0.299\sym{*}  \\
            &     (0.134)         &     (0.088)         &     (0.143)         &     (0.165)         \\
\\[-1.5em] \hline Observations&      10,353         &      10,353         &      10,353         &      10,353         \\
Counties    &       2,227         &       2,227         &       2,227         &       2,227         \\
Effect at mean outflow&      -0.140         &      -0.014         &      -0.108         &      -0.107         \\
Causal mediation effect (\%)&      82.803         &      50.555         &      85.211         &      80.442         \\
K-P F-statistic&      30.968         &      30.968         &      30.968         &      29.603         \\
\\[-1.5em] \hline Controls&         Yes         &         Yes         &         Yes         &         Yes         \\
